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From the history of mining, processing and the use of peat in South Bohemia in the 20th century
PETRÁŠEK, Karel
The thesis describes the development of peat industry history in the South Bohemian region against the background of economic history from the beginning of the 20th century up to year 1960. The author divided the text into three main sections. The first one defines the significance of peatbogs to the landscape and analyzes the development of their legal protection. It also includes the general development of peat industry in several European countries, the basis of which is used as a collation to the situation in the territory of Czechoslovakia. The second part covers the analysis of South Bohemian peat industry in the first half of the 20th century. Based on the examples taken from a series of extractive areas and a wide range of archives, the author illustrates the differences in the raw material perception, extraction approaches and management, and the daily life of workers. From these findings, general conclusions are drawn, aiming at creating a comprehensive image of the situation. The last chapter focuses on the analysis of the influences that the changing postwar situation in the politics and economy had over the peat production. The changes which affected the peat industry in the 50s of the 20th century are drawn on the fortunes of particular sole traders and peat works. These took the position of the small businessmen as the only producers of the raw material in Czechoslovakia for the rest of the century.
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Methodology for the processing of archival materials on the historical use of forest properties
Suchánková, Silvie ; Vild, Ondřej ; Szabó, Péter ; Chudomelová, Markéta ; Hédl, Radim
As a result of climate change, forestry has to deal with rapid changes of the environment. This has recently culminated in bark beetle calamities. More than ever before, there is a need for quality information about forests in order to implement effective adaptation measures to changing conditions. Knowledge of history allows us to understand the current situation and manage forests better. This methodology summarizes how to obtain and use the information on forest history. It provides an introduction to the study of archival materials in Czech archives and provides instructions for independent work. It focuses on the description of the archival network in the Czech Republic, introduces archival aids and archival terminology. It also lists important online databases and advises on how to proceed when working in the archive and when working with historical sources. Finally, the LONGWOOD database, containing large amounts of data on Moravian and Silesian forests is presented as an example of the use of archival materials.
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Vegetation diversity of abandoned settlements
Poslová, Kateřina ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kačmar, Martin (referee)
In my bachelor thesis I am concerned with influence of abandoned settlement and historical land use on vegetation. I am interested in settlements of different age and type - from ancient settlements, medieval castles and villages to villages that were abandoned in modern times. I am also concerned in diversity, composition and development of plant communities and with influence on soils. I am also interested in the question of persistence of anthropogenic influence on landscape. Settlement and land use largely influence landscape. They alter diversity of vegetation, quality of soil and relief of landscape. These changes can be lasting or maybe irreversible. Nutrients are acumulated and pH is risen in abandoned settlements. Nitrophilous and ruderal species are also much more frequent than in ancient forests around. Human can enrich diversity of vegetation in landscape by his influence. Mutual comparison of influence between similar types of settlements in landscapes with different climate and sub-soil may be another direction in future research. Key words: abandoned settlements, medieval castles, villages, diversity, vegetation, secondary forest, historical land use, nutrients, pH
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Vegetation diversity of abandoned settlements
Poslová, Kateřina ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kačmar, Martin (referee)
In my bachelor thesis I am concerned with influence of abandoned settlement and historical land use on vegetation. I am interested in settlements of different age and type - from ancient settlements, medieval castles and villages to villages that were abandoned in modern times. I am also concerned in diversity, composition and development of plant communities and with influence on soils. I am also interested in the question of persistence of anthropogenic influence on landscape. Settlement and land use largely influence landscape. They alter diversity of vegetation, quality of soil and relief of landscape. These changes can be lasting or maybe irreversible. Nutrients are acumulated and pH is risen in abandoned settlements. Nitrophilous and ruderal species are also much more frequent than in ancient forests around. Human can enrich diversity of vegetation in landscape by his influence. Mutual comparison of influence between similar types of settlements in landscapes with different climate and sub-soil may be another direction in future research. Key words: abandoned settlements, medieval castles, villages, diversity, vegetation, secondary forest, historical land use, nutrients, pH
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